这篇文章上次修改于 1027 天前，可能其部分内容已经发生变化，如有疑问可询问作者。 [TOC] # TOOLS The official manual is a great learning document. ## NMAP ```shell root@kali:~# nmap -h Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification} TARGET SPECIFICATION: Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc. Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254 -iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks -iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets --exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks --excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file HOST DISCOVERY: -sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan -sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery -PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes] --dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver --traceroute: Trace hop path to each host SCAN TECHNIQUES: -sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans -sU: UDP Scan -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans --scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags -sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan -sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans -sO: IP protocol scan -b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER: -p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9 --exclude-ports <port ranges>: Exclude the specified ports from scanning -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize --top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports --port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio> SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION: -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info --version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes) --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2) --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9) --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging) SCRIPT SCAN: -sC: equivalent to --script=default --script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of directories, script-files or script-categories --script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts --script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file --script-trace: Show all data sent and received --script-updatedb: Update the script database. --script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts. <Lua scripts> is a comma-separated list of script-files or script-categories. OS DETECTION: -O: Enable OS detection --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively TIMING AND PERFORMANCE: Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds), 's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m). -T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster) --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes --min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies probe round trip time. --max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions. --host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes --min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second --max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING: -f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU) -D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys -S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address -e <iface>: Use specified interface -g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number --proxies <url1,[url2],...>: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies --data <hex string>: Append a custom payload to sent packets --data-string <string>: Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets --data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets --ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options --ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field --spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum OUTPUT: -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3, and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename. -oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once -v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect) -d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect) --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging) --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files --resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan --stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output MISC: -6: Enable IPv6 scanning -A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute --datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges -V: Print version number -h: Print this help summary page. EXAMPLES: nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8 nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80 SEE THE MAN PAGE (https://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES ``` ## MASSCAN ```shell MASSCAN is a fast port scanner. The primary input parameters are the IP addresses/ranges you want to scan, and the port numbers. An example is the following, which scans the 10.x.x.x network for web servers: masscan 10.0.0.0/8 -p80 The program auto-detects network interface/adapter settings. If this fails, you'll have to set these manually. The following is an example of all the parameters that are needed: --adapter-ip 192.168.10.123 --adapter-mac 00-11-22-33-44-55 --router-mac 66-55-44-33-22-11 Parameters can be set either via the command-line or config-file. The names are the same for both. Thus, the above adapter settings would appear as follows in a configuration file: adapter-ip = 192.168.10.123 adapter-mac = 00-11-22-33-44-55 router-mac = 66-55-44-33-22-11 All single-dash parameters have a spelled out double-dash equivalent, so '-p80' is the same as '--ports 80' (or 'ports = 80' in config file). To use the config file, type: masscan -c <filename> To generate a config-file from the current settings, use the --echo option. This stops the program from actually running, and just echoes the current configuration instead. This is a useful way to generate your first config file, or see a list of parameters you didn't know about. I suggest you try it now: masscan -p1234 --echo ``` ## Sqlmap ```shell Usage: sqlmap.py [options] Options: -h, --help Show basic help message and exit -hh Show advanced help message and exit --version Show program's version number and exit -v VERBOSE Verbosity level: 0-6 (default 1) Target: At least one of these options has to be provided to define the target(s) -u URL, --url=URL Target URL (e.g. "http://www.site.com/vuln.php?id=1") -d DIRECT Connection string for direct database connection -l LOGFILE Parse target(s) from Burp or WebScarab proxy log file -m BULKFILE Scan multiple targets given in a textual file -r REQUESTFILE Load HTTP request from a file -g GOOGLEDORK Process Google dork results as target URLs -c CONFIGFILE Load options from a configuration INI file Request: These options can be used to specify how to connect to the target URL -A AGENT, --user.. HTTP User-Agent header value -H HEADER, --hea.. Extra header (e.g. "X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1") --method=METHOD Force usage of given HTTP method (e.g. PUT) --data=DATA Data string to be sent through POST (e.g. "id=1") --param-del=PARA.. Character used for splitting parameter values (e.g. &) --cookie=COOKIE HTTP Cookie header value (e.g. "PHPSESSID=a8d127e..") --cookie-del=COO.. Character used for splitting cookie values (e.g. ;) --live-cookies=L.. Live cookies file used for loading up-to-date values --load-cookies=L.. File containing cookies in Netscape/wget format --drop-set-cookie Ignore Set-Cookie header from response --mobile Imitate smartphone through HTTP User-Agent header --random-agent Use randomly selected HTTP User-Agent header value --host=HOST HTTP Host header value --referer=REFERER HTTP Referer header value --headers=HEADERS Extra headers (e.g. "Accept-Language: fr\nETag: 123") --auth-type=AUTH.. HTTP authentication type (Basic, Digest, NTLM or PKI) --auth-cred=AUTH.. HTTP authentication credentials (name:password) --auth-file=AUTH.. HTTP authentication PEM cert/private key file --ignore-code=IG.. Ignore (problematic) HTTP error code (e.g. 401) --ignore-proxy Ignore system default proxy settings --ignore-redirects Ignore redirection attempts --ignore-timeouts Ignore connection timeouts --proxy=PROXY Use a proxy to connect to the target URL --proxy-cred=PRO.. Proxy authentication credentials (name:password) --proxy-file=PRO.. Load proxy list from a file --tor Use Tor anonymity network --tor-port=TORPORT Set Tor proxy port other than default --tor-type=TORTYPE Set Tor proxy type (HTTP, SOCKS4 or SOCKS5 (default)) --check-tor Check to see if Tor is used properly --delay=DELAY Delay in seconds between each HTTP request --timeout=TIMEOUT Seconds to wait before timeout connection (default 30) --retries=RETRIES Retries when the connection timeouts (default 3) --randomize=RPARAM Randomly change value for given parameter(s) --safe-url=SAFEURL URL address to visit frequently during testing --safe-post=SAFE.. POST data to send to a safe URL --safe-req=SAFER.. Load safe HTTP request from a file --safe-freq=SAFE.. Regular requests between visits to a safe URL --skip-urlencode Skip URL encoding of payload data --csrf-token=CSR.. Parameter used to hold anti-CSRF token --csrf-url=CSRFURL URL address to visit for extraction of anti-CSRF token --csrf-method=CS.. HTTP method to use during anti-CSRF token page visit --csrf-retries=C.. Retries for anti-CSRF token retrieval (default 0) --force-ssl Force usage of SSL/HTTPS --chunked Use HTTP chunked transfer encoded (POST) requests --hpp Use HTTP parameter pollution method --eval=EVALCODE Evaluate provided Python code before the request (e.g. "import hashlib;id2=hashlib.md5(id).hexdigest()") Optimization: These options can be used to optimize the performance of sqlmap -o Turn on all optimization switches --predict-output Predict common queries output --keep-alive Use persistent HTTP(s) connections --null-connection Retrieve page length without actual HTTP response body --threads=THREADS Max number of concurrent HTTP(s) requests (default 1) Injection: These options can be used to specify which parameters to test for, provide custom injection payloads and optional tampering scripts -p TESTPARAMETER Testable parameter(s) --skip=SKIP Skip testing for given parameter(s) --skip-static Skip testing parameters that not appear to be dynamic --param-exclude=.. Regexp to exclude parameters from testing (e.g. "ses") --param-filter=P.. Select testable parameter(s) by place (e.g. "POST") --dbms=DBMS Force back-end DBMS to provided value --dbms-cred=DBMS.. DBMS authentication credentials (user:password) --os=OS Force back-end DBMS operating system to provided value --invalid-bignum Use big numbers for invalidating values --invalid-logical Use logical operations for invalidating values --invalid-string Use random strings for invalidating values --no-cast Turn off payload casting mechanism --no-escape Turn off string escaping mechanism --prefix=PREFIX Injection payload prefix string --suffix=SUFFIX Injection payload suffix string --tamper=TAMPER Use given script(s) for tampering injection data Detection: These options can be used to customize the detection phase --level=LEVEL Level of tests to perform (1-5, default 1) --risk=RISK Risk of tests to perform (1-3, default 1) --string=STRING String to match when query is evaluated to True --not-string=NOT.. String to match when query is evaluated to False --regexp=REGEXP Regexp to match when query is evaluated to True --code=CODE HTTP code to match when query is evaluated to True --smart Perform thorough tests only if positive heuristic(s) --text-only Compare pages based only on the textual content --titles Compare pages based only on their titles Techniques: These options can be used to tweak testing of specific SQL injection techniques --technique=TECH.. SQL injection techniques to use (default "BEUSTQ") --time-sec=TIMESEC Seconds to delay the DBMS response (default 5) --union-cols=UCOLS Range of columns to test for UNION query SQL injection --union-char=UCHAR Character to use for bruteforcing number of columns --union-from=UFROM Table to use in FROM part of UNION query SQL injection --dns-domain=DNS.. Domain name used for DNS exfiltration attack --second-url=SEC.. Resulting page URL searched for second-order response --second-req=SEC.. Load second-order HTTP request from file Fingerprint: -f, --fingerprint Perform an extensive DBMS version fingerprint Enumeration: These options can be used to enumerate the back-end database management system information, structure and data contained in the tables -a, --all Retrieve everything -b, --banner Retrieve DBMS banner --current-user Retrieve DBMS current user --current-db Retrieve DBMS current database --hostname Retrieve DBMS server hostname --is-dba Detect if the DBMS current user is DBA --users Enumerate DBMS users --passwords Enumerate DBMS users password hashes --privileges Enumerate DBMS users privileges --roles Enumerate DBMS users roles --dbs Enumerate DBMS databases --tables Enumerate DBMS database tables --columns Enumerate DBMS database table columns --schema Enumerate DBMS schema --count Retrieve number of entries for table(s) --dump Dump DBMS database table entries --dump-all Dump all DBMS databases tables entries --search Search column(s), table(s) and/or database name(s) --comments Check for DBMS comments during enumeration --statements Retrieve SQL statements being run on DBMS -D DB DBMS database to enumerate -T TBL DBMS database table(s) to enumerate -C COL DBMS database table column(s) to enumerate -X EXCLUDE DBMS database identifier(s) to not enumerate -U USER DBMS user to enumerate --exclude-sysdbs Exclude DBMS system databases when enumerating tables --pivot-column=P.. Pivot column name --where=DUMPWHERE Use WHERE condition while table dumping --start=LIMITSTART First dump table entry to retrieve --stop=LIMITSTOP Last dump table entry to retrieve --first=FIRSTCHAR First query output word character to retrieve --last=LASTCHAR Last query output word character to retrieve --sql-query=SQLQ.. SQL statement to be executed --sql-shell Prompt for an interactive SQL shell --sql-file=SQLFILE Execute SQL statements from given file(s) Brute force: These options can be used to run brute force checks --common-tables Check existence of common tables --common-columns Check existence of common columns --common-files Check existence of common files User-defined function injection: These options can be used to create custom user-defined functions --udf-inject Inject custom user-defined functions --shared-lib=SHLIB Local path of the shared library File system access: These options can be used to access the back-end database management system underlying file system --file-read=FILE.. Read a file from the back-end DBMS file system --file-write=FIL.. Write a local file on the back-end DBMS file system --file-dest=FILE.. Back-end DBMS absolute filepath to write to Operating system access: These options can be used to access the back-end database management system underlying operating system --os-cmd=OSCMD Execute an operating system command --os-shell Prompt for an interactive operating system shell --os-pwn Prompt for an OOB shell, Meterpreter or VNC --os-smbrelay One click prompt for an OOB shell, Meterpreter or VNC --os-bof Stored procedure buffer overflow exploitation --priv-esc Database process user privilege escalation --msf-path=MSFPATH Local path where Metasploit Framework is installed --tmp-path=TMPPATH Remote absolute path of temporary files directory Windows registry access: These options can be used to access the back-end database management system Windows registry --reg-read Read a Windows registry key value --reg-add Write a Windows registry key value data --reg-del Delete a Windows registry key value --reg-key=REGKEY Windows registry key --reg-value=REGVAL Windows registry key value --reg-data=REGDATA Windows registry key value data --reg-type=REGTYPE Windows registry key value type General: These options can be used to set some general working parameters -s SESSIONFILE Load session from a stored (.sqlite) file -t TRAFFICFILE Log all HTTP traffic into a textual file --answers=ANSWERS Set predefined answers (e.g. "quit=N,follow=N") --base64=BASE64P.. Parameter(s) containing Base64 encoded data --base64-safe Use URL and filename safe Base64 alphabet (RFC 4648) --batch Never ask for user input, use the default behavior --binary-fields=.. Result fields having binary values (e.g. "digest") --check-internet Check Internet connection before assessing the target --cleanup Clean up the DBMS from sqlmap specific UDF and tables --crawl=CRAWLDEPTH Crawl the website starting from the target URL --crawl-exclude=.. Regexp to exclude pages from crawling (e.g. "logout") --csv-del=CSVDEL Delimiting character used in CSV output (default ",") --charset=CHARSET Blind SQL injection charset (e.g. "0123456789abcdef") --dump-format=DU.. Format of dumped data (CSV (default), HTML or SQLITE) --encoding=ENCOD.. Character encoding used for data retrieval (e.g. GBK) --eta Display for each output the estimated time of arrival --flush-session Flush session files for current target --forms Parse and test forms on target URL --fresh-queries Ignore query results stored in session file --gpage=GOOGLEPAGE Use Google dork results from specified page number --har=HARFILE Log all HTTP traffic into a HAR file --hex Use hex conversion during data retrieval --output-dir=OUT.. Custom output directory path --parse-errors Parse and display DBMS error messages from responses --preprocess=PRE.. Use given script(s) for preprocessing (request) --postprocess=PO.. Use given script(s) for postprocessing (response) --repair Redump entries having unknown character marker (?) --save=SAVECONFIG Save options to a configuration INI file --scope=SCOPE Regexp for filtering targets --skip-heuristics Skip heuristic detection of SQLi/XSS vulnerabilities --skip-waf Skip heuristic detection of WAF/IPS protection --table-prefix=T.. Prefix used for temporary tables (default: "sqlmap") --test-filter=TE.. Select tests by payloads and/or titles (e.g. ROW) --test-skip=TEST.. Skip tests by payloads and/or titles (e.g. BENCHMARK) --web-root=WEBROOT Web server document root directory (e.g. "/var/www") Miscellaneous: These options do not fit into any other category -z MNEMONICS Use short mnemonics (e.g. "flu,bat,ban,tec=EU") --alert=ALERT Run host OS command(s) when SQL injection is found --beep Beep on question and/or when SQL injection is found --dependencies Check for missing (optional) sqlmap dependencies --disable-coloring Disable console output coloring --list-tampers Display list of available tamper scripts --offline Work in offline mode (only use session data) --purge Safely remove all content from sqlmap data directory --results-file=R.. Location of CSV results file in multiple targets mode --sqlmap-shell Prompt for an interactive sqlmap shell --tmp-dir=TMPDIR Local directory for storing temporary files --unstable Adjust options for unstable connections --update Update sqlmap --wizard Simple wizard interface for beginner users ```